North Carolina EMT State Practice Exam

What condition does COPD describe?

1. Acute bronchial infection

2. Rapid airway obstruction

3. Chronic bronchial obstruction

4. Temporary airway dilation

The correct answer is: Chronic bronchial obstruction

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) encompasses a group of progressive lung diseases that result in ongoing respiratory issues. The correct choice refers to chronic bronchial obstruction, highlighting that this condition is characterized by long-term obstruction of airflow from the lungs, typically due to chronic bronchitis and emphysema. In chronic bronchitis, inflammation of the bronchial tubes leads to excessive mucus production, narrowing the airways and obstructing airflow, while emphysema involves the gradual destruction of the lung tissue, particularly the alveoli, which impedes effective gas exchange. Both result in symptoms such as difficulty breathing, wheezing, and a productive cough, significantly impacting the quality of life. The other options presented do not accurately reflect the nature of COPD. Acute bronchial infection suggests a temporary condition rather than a chronic one, while rapid airway obstruction could imply an acute event such as an asthma attack rather than the chronic, progressive nature of COPD. Temporary airway dilation would not describe the condition at all, as COPD involves persistent obstruction rather than dilation. Understanding these distinctions helps clarify the definition and implications of COPD as a significant public health issue.