North Carolina EMT State Practice Exam

What does homeostasis refer to in biological terms?

1. State of growth

2. Equal balance or equilibrium

3. Response to external stimuli

4. Development of the organism

The correct answer is: Equal balance or equilibrium

Homeostasis refers to the dynamic process that maintains a stable internal environment in an organism, despite external changes. It involves various biological systems working together to keep factors like temperature, pH, hydration, and electrolyte levels within a narrow range that is necessary for survival. The concept of equal balance or equilibrium encapsulates the essence of homeostasis, as it emphasizes the importance of various physiological systems adjusting to maintain conditions that are conducive to optimal functioning. For instance, when body temperature rises due to external heat, mechanisms like sweating and increased blood flow to the skin are activated to cool the body down. Conversely, in a cold environment, shivering and constricted blood vessels work to retain heat. This ability to regulate internal conditions regardless of external fluctuations characterizes homeostasis, making the idea of achieving equilibrium a central theme in understanding biological processes.