North Carolina EMT State Practice Exam

What is a sign of Cushing's triad associated with traumatic brain injury?

1. Increased respiratory rate

2. Decreased blood pressure

3. Irregular respirations, increased blood pressure, slowing pulse rate

4. Rapid heart rate

The correct answer is: Irregular respirations, increased blood pressure, slowing pulse rate

Cushing's triad is a clinical syndrome that indicates increased intracranial pressure and is significant in the context of traumatic brain injury. The triad consists of three classic signs: hypertension (increased blood pressure), bradycardia (slowing pulse rate), and irregular respirations. In this situation, hypertension occurs as a compensatory mechanism to maintain cerebral perfusion despite elevated intracranial pressure. The slowing pulse rate results from increased pressure on the brainstem, which controls autonomic functions such as heart rate. Irregular respirations are due to the brain's compromised ability to regulate breathing patterns, often resulting from increased pressure within the skull. Understanding Cushing's triad is vital for EMTs and healthcare providers as it helps identify patients at risk of significant neurological compromise, allowing for timely intervention and management.