North Carolina EMT State Practice Exam

What is the significance of unequal pupils in a patient?

1. Normal physiological response

2. Possible neurological issue

3. Symptoms of dehydration

4. Regular condition in children

The correct answer is: Possible neurological issue

The presence of unequal pupils, known as anisocoria, can be a significant indicator of a potential neurological issue. When one pupil is larger or smaller than the other, it may suggest various problems in the central nervous system, including increased intracranial pressure, hemorrhage, or direct injury to the areas of the brain that control pupillary constriction and dilation. This condition could indicate an underlying issue such as a stroke, traumatic brain injury, or other neurological disorders. It is crucial to assess unequal pupils in the context of other signs and symptoms the patient may be displaying, as this can help in the quick identification of serious medical conditions that require urgent intervention. In contrast, normal physiological responses, dehydration, and regular conditions in children do not typically explain the presence of unequal pupils or the potential severity associated with them. This underscores the importance of recognizing anisocoria as a flag for possible neurological involvement.