North Carolina EMT State Practice Exam

What major complication can occur if an abdominal aortic aneurysm ruptures?

1. Severe infection

2. Massive hemorrhage

3. Cardiac arrest

4. Stroke

The correct answer is: Massive hemorrhage

A abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a condition characterized by a weakening and bulging of the aorta in the abdomen, which can lead to serious consequences if it ruptures. When an AAA ruptures, it results in the sudden and massive release of blood into the abdominal cavity. This event creates a life-threatening situation due to the significant loss of blood volume, leading to shock and potentially death if not treated immediately. Massive hemorrhage is the primary complication associated with a ruptured AAA. The aorta is the largest blood vessel in the body, and its rupture allows a substantial amount of blood to escape at rapid rates, often resulting in irreversible hypovolemic shock. Patients may exhibit symptoms such as sudden severe abdominal or back pain, hypotension, and signs of shock due to the significant loss of blood. While other serious conditions like severe infection, cardiac arrest, and stroke can occur due to a variety of other medical issues, they are not directly the result of a ruptured AAA. Therefore, focusing on the immediate and critical consequence of a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm, massive hemorrhage is the primary concern that needs urgent medical attention.