North Carolina EMT State Practice Exam

What type of breathing is characteristic of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)?

1. Kussmaul respirations

2. Noisy respirations

3. Hyperventilation

4. Cheyne-Stokes breathing

The correct answer is: Kussmaul respirations

In diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), Kussmaul respirations are a specific breathing pattern that manifests as deep, rapid breaths. This type of breathing occurs as the body attempts to compensate for the metabolic acidosis caused by the accumulation of ketones in the blood. The physiological response of Kussmaul respirations is meant to increase the rate of carbon dioxide exhalation, thereby helping to correct the acidosis. The mechanism behind Kussmaul respirations is rooted in the body’s attempt to maintain homeostasis in the face of severe metabolic derangements. Patients with DKA usually present with symptoms such as increased thirst, frequent urination, fatigue, and abdominal pain. As the condition progresses, the resulting acidosis stimulates the respiratory center in the brain, leading to the characteristic deep and labored breathing. Understanding this breathing pattern is critical for EMTs and first responders, as it serves as an important clinical sign when assessing a patient who may be experiencing DKA. Recognizing and appropriately addressing this condition can significantly affect patient outcomes.