North Carolina EMT State Practice Exam

What type of COPD is characterized by constant mucus production and ongoing irritation?

1. Asthma

2. Emphysema

3. Chronic Bronchitis

4. Pneumonia

The correct answer is: Chronic Bronchitis

Chronic Bronchitis is characterized by excessive mucus production and a chronic cough that lasts for at least three months in two consecutive years. This condition arises from the continual irritation of the airways, primarily due to long-term exposure to irritants such as cigarette smoke or pollutants. The inflammation of the bronchial tubes leads to narrowing of the airways and obstruction, making it difficult for air to flow in and out of the lungs. The accumulation of mucus can lead to frequent respiratory infections and symptoms such as wheezing, chest tightness, and shortness of breath. This is in contrast to emphysema, which primarily involves the destruction of the alveoli and is less characterized by mucus production. Asthma, while it may involve similar symptoms, is typically episodic rather than chronic. Pneumonia is an infection of the lungs that can also cause cough and mucus but does not fit the chronic nature of the condition described in the question. Thus, Chronic Bronchitis is clearly the correct choice, as it embodies the ongoing irritation and mucus production that defines this form of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).