North Carolina EMT State Practice Exam

Which adjuncts may be needed for BVM ventilation?

1. CPAP machine

2. Bulb syringe

3. OPA/NPA

4. Tongue depressor

The correct answer is: OPA/NPA

Using adjuncts such as oropharyngeal airways (OPA) or nasopharyngeal airways (NPA) is essential in facilitating effective bag-valve-mask (BVM) ventilation. These airway adjuncts help maintain an open airway in patients who are unable to do so on their own, especially if they are unconscious or have a diminished gag reflex. By using an OPA or NPA, EMTs can reduce airway obstruction caused by the tongue or other soft tissue, ensuring that the BVM can deliver adequate breaths and oxygenation. For example, the OPA is inserted into the mouth and extends past the tongue to prevent it from occluding the airway, whereas the NPA is used through the nasal passages to bypass any obstructions caused by facial structure or swelling. Properly employed, these adjuncts can significantly improve the effectiveness of assisted ventilation during emergencies, making them vital tools in an EMT's practice. In contrast, other tools listed may not specifically enhance the BVM process. For instance, a CPAP machine is used for providing continuous positive airway pressure but is not an adjunct for BVM ventilation. A bulb syringe is typically utilized for suctioning and clearing secretions but does not aid in the actual process of B