North Carolina EMT State Practice Exam

Which of the following best describes the symptoms of stimulant use?

1. Small pupils, Bradycardia

2. Dilated pupils, Tachycardia

3. Respiratory depression, Hypotension

4. Confusion, Sleepiness

The correct answer is: Dilated pupils, Tachycardia

Stimulant use is characterized by a range of physiological effects that are primarily due to the stimulation of the central nervous system. One of the hallmark signs of stimulant use is the presence of dilated pupils, which occurs as stimulants can provoke the sympathetic nervous system response, leading to mydriasis (dilation of the pupils). Additionally, tachycardia, or an increased heart rate, is a common symptom associated with stimulant use. Stimulants can elevate metabolic activity, resulting in higher adrenaline levels and consequently speeding up the heart rate. These symptoms are typically seen in various types of stimulants, such as amphetamines and cocaine. Options that suggest small pupils or bradycardia, such as the first choice, are more indicative of opioid use rather than stimulant use. Respiratory depression and hypotension, mentioned in the third choice, are more often linked to depressants or sedative drugs, which have the opposite effects of stimulants. Lastly, confusion and sleepiness, which denote a state of sedation, are not aligned with the stimulating effects produced by these substances. Thus, the correct characterization of stimulant symptoms focuses on dilated pupils and an increased heart rate.