North Carolina EMT State Practice Exam

Which physiological response is characterized by increased heart rate and blood flow to muscles?

1. Rest and Digest Response

2. Fight or Flight Response

3. Homeostatic Response

4. Vasovagal Response

The correct answer is: Fight or Flight Response

The correct answer, which refers to the physiological response characterized by increased heart rate and increased blood flow to muscles, is associated with the Fight or Flight Response. This response is a critical survival mechanism that prepares the body to react to perceived threats or emergencies. When the body encounters a stressful situation, the sympathetic nervous system is activated, releasing hormones such as adrenaline and norepinephrine. This leads to several physiological changes, including an elevated heart rate, increased blood pressure, and enhanced blood flow to skeletal muscles. These changes optimize the body's ability to respond quickly and effectively to danger, providing the energy and capabilities needed to either confront the threat or escape from it. The other responses listed do not align with the characteristics described in the question. The Rest and Digest Response, for example, is associated with calming the body after stress has passed, leading to reduced heart rate and increased blood flow to the digestive system. The Homeostatic Response pertains to the body's mechanisms for maintaining stable internal conditions, while the Vasovagal Response is typically linked to a sudden drop in heart rate and blood pressure, often leading to fainting. Each of these alternatives reflects different bodily reactions that do not encompass the heightened alertness and physical readiness seen in the Fight or Flight Response.