North Carolina EMT State Practice Exam

Why are tourniquets contraindicated for pit viper bites?

1. They can increase pain

2. They may worsen tissue damage

3. They can cause infection

4. They are difficult to apply

The correct answer is: They may worsen tissue damage

Tourniquets are contraindicated for pit viper bites primarily because they may worsen tissue damage. When a tourniquet is applied, it restricts blood flow not only to the affected area but also to surrounding tissues. This lack of circulation can lead to ischemia—an inadequate blood supply to the tissues—which may result in necrosis (tissue death) as essential nutrients and oxygen are unable to reach them. Furthermore, when the tourniquet is eventually removed, the sudden influx of blood can exacerbate the spread of venom through the affected area, leading to further complications. Additionally, the management of pit viper bites focuses on the timely administration of antivenom and supportive care rather than techniques that might impede circulation. Therefore, standard first aid recommendations advise against the use of tourniquets in these cases to avoid compromising tissue viability and overall limb function.